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Filters 
Filtration System I Indsutrial Filters I Filtration Technology

Filters

Filtration is vital unit operation used in pharmaceutical, Chemical and Agro-chemical industry.

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Widely used for product filtration. It is easy to feed the mass and separate solids from mother liquor.

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It can be defined as,

Separation of solid-liquid mixture by the under the influence of pressure, vacuum or centrifugal force through a porous barrier on which most of the solids retains and liquid passes through the porous barrier. e.g. Centrifuge, Neutsche filter, Leaf filter Candle filter, etc.

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Common types of filters used in API industry are:

  1. Centrifuge     

  2. Sparkler filter.

  3. Neutsche Filter

  4. Leaf Filter

  5. Agitated Neutsche Filter

  6. Bag Filter

Centrifuge

Centrifuge

Centrifuge :

This filter is generally used where wet cake (Solid) is more in extent. Also it is used when filtration mass is viscous / sticky. In centrifuge, filtration occurs due to centrifugal force. Centrifugal force generated due to rotation of basket and it is driven by electric motor. Filtration operation is performed by use of centrifugal force which is generated by centrifugal pump. i.e. driving force is pressure.

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Major parts of centrifuge:

  1. Centrifuge basket: It is main part of centrifuge. Filter bag is fixed over it. Material is fed here and liquid is getting filtered through filter bag and material getting retained on filter bag at basket.

  2. Filter Media: Filter bag (Cloth) with pore size 3µ, 5µ, 10µ etc. Preferably 5µ bags used.

     Filter bag (Cloth) MOC is Polypropylene + Terelyne and Polypropylene.

  1. Outer case: It is outer cover of centrifuge basket. It is only for enclosing filtration operation, so         liquid and / or vapor exposure will be avoided during filtration.

  2. Electric motor: It is required to rotate the basket.

  3. MLR tank: It is required for collecting MLR.

Sparkler Filter

Sparkler Filter

Sparkler filter :

This filter is generally used where solid material is less and liquid is more. Generally, it is used for charcoal clarification. Filtration operation is performed by use of pressure which is generated by centrifugal pump. i.e. driving force is pressure.

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Major parts of Sparkler filter:

  1. Dome: It is outer cover of Sparkler filter. It is only for enclosing filtration operation, so liquid and / or vapour exposure will be avoided during filtration.

  2. Base plate: It is base portion of sparkler on which plates are mounted with filter media.

  3. Plate: It consist of sieve, spacers and plate. It support the filter media (pad) and filter occurs here. Generally 18” x 14 plates or 14” x 18 Plates sparkler filters used.

  4. Tie rods: There is one centre rod and four side rods to fix firmly sparkler assembly.

  5. Pump: This is required to pump liquid and creation of pressure.

  6. Filter Media: Filter pad (Cellulose) having pore size 5µ is preferably used as filtration media.

Neutsche filter

Neutsche

Neutsche filter:

This filter is used where material is non-sticky and crystalline. This filter is not generally preferred due to vapour exposure. Filtration operation is performed by use of vacuum. i.e. driving force is vacuum.

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Major parts of Neutsche filter:

  1. Lid : It is only for enclosing filtration operation, so liquid and / or vapor exposure will be avoided during filtration.

  2. Neutsche Body : To support sinter plate / mesh and collection of MLR.

  3. Sinter plate / mesh : It is for physical support of Neutsche bag where filtration occurs.

  4. Vacuum port : This is for application of vacuum which is required to suck MLR through filter bag.

Agitated Neutsche Filter Cum Dryer

agitated nutsche filter

Agitated Neutsche Filter :

This filter is used where material is non-sticky and crystalline. This filter is not generally preferred due to vapour exposure. Filtration operation is performed by use of vacuum. i.e. driving force is vacuum.

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Major parts of Neutsche filter:

  1. Lid : It is only for enclosing filtration operation, so liquid and / or vapor exposure will be avoided during filtration.

  2. Neutsche Body : To support sinter plate / mesh and collection of MLR.

  3. Sinter plate / mesh : It is for physical support of Neutsche bag where filtration occurs.

  4. Vacuum port : This is for application of vacuum which is required to suck MLR through filter bag.

Leaf Filter

Leaf Filter

Leaf Filter :​

It has leaf like filtration arrangement, hence it is named as leaf filter. This filter is generally used for filtration of in-organics / waste material from reaction mass liquid.

Filtration operation is performed by use of pressure which is generated by centrifugal pump. i.e. driving force is pressure.

 

Major parts of Leaf filter:

  1. Leaf : It has generally five leaves on which filter bag is fitted.

  2. Lid : It is only for enclosing filtration operation, so liquid and / or vapor exposure will be avoided during filtration.

  3. Leaf Body : To support leaves and collection of unfiltered reaction mass where filtration takes place.

  4. Pump: This is required to pump liquid and creation of pressure.

  1. Filter Media: Filter bag (Cloth) with pore size 3µ, 5µ, 10µ etc. Preferably 5µ bags used.

     Filter bag (Cloth) MOC is Polypropylene.

Bag/Candle Filter

Microbag filter

Bag/Candle filter :
This filter have cylindrical chamber and filter bag fixed inside this chamber. This filter is used for in-organic filtration where solids are very less in extent i.e. below 5 %.
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Major parts are :
1. Cylindrical chamber - This chamber used to rest filter bag.
2. Filter Media: Filter bag (Cloth) with pore size 3µ, 5µ, 10µ etc. Preferably 5µ bags used.
     Filter bag (Cloth) MOC is Polypropylene.

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