ASSUMPTIONS:
The following assumptions are made for computing consumption of various utilities:
Reactors & Overhead Condensers:
Low pressure Steam (LPST) and Hot Water (generated using LPST) are used as heating medium and cooling tower Water (CW)/ Chilled Water (CHW)/ Chilled Brine (CHB) are used as cooling medium.
Utility consumption data is generated using below guidelines mentioned below:
1. For cooling using Cooling tower water, chilled water or chilled brine, we consider stage-wise cooling for organic mass:

• from 60°C to 40°C by cooling tower water @ 32°C

• from 40°C to 12°C by chilled water @ 7°C

• from 12°C to -10°C by chilled brine @-15°C
   

2. We assume following overall Heat transfer coefficient for SS Reactors.

• U of 400 Kcal/hr. m2 °C for heating with LPST.

• U of 300 Kcal/hr. m2 °C for heating with hot water/cooling with cooling water.

• U of 250 Kcal/hr. m2 °C for cooling with chilled water. U of 200 Kcal/hr. m2 °C for cooling with chilled brine.

3. For SS reactors , with expected Heating / Cooling pattern, we shall take average Heat flux, U * ΔT of say,

• 12000 Kcal/hr. m2 for Heating with steam (Delta T of 30°C)

• 7500 kcals/hr.m2 for Heating with hot water/cooling with cooling water (Delta T of 25°C)

• 5000 kcals/hr.m2 for Cooling with chilled water (Delta T of 20°C)

• 3000 kcals/hr.m2 for Cooling with chilled brine (Delta T of 15°C)
   

4. We assume following overall Heat transfer coefficient for Glass-lined Reactors.

• U of 300 Kcal/hr. m2 °C for heating with LPST.

• U of 200 Kcal/hr. m2 °C for heating with hot water / cooling with cooling water.

• U of 175 Kcal/hr. m2 °C for cooling with chilled water.

• U of 150 Kcal/hr. m2 °C for cooling with chilled brine.

5. For Glass lined reactors, with expected Heating / Cooling pattern, we can take average Heat flux, U * ΔT of say,

• 9000 Kcal/hr. m2 for Heating with steam (Delta T of 30°C)

• 5000 kcals/hr.m2 for Heating with hot water/ cooling with cooling water (Delta T of 25°C)

• 3500 kcals/hr.m2 for Cooling with chilled water (Delta T of 20°C)

• 2250 kcals/hr.m2 for Cooling with chilled brine (Delta T of 15°C)
   

6. The maximum heating / cooling rate in Kcal/hr. for any Reactor is computed by using maximum Heat transfer area (Jacket / limpet) in m2 multiplied by Heat flux, U * ΔT in Kcal / hr. m2.
Considering Latent heat of Condensation as 500 Kcal / kg for low pressure steam, steam consumption is calculated for certain expected heating rate.

7. The reactor heating load during Solvent Vaporisation operation is equal to the cooling load of primary condensers. (Thus no heat of reactions but only heating through reactor limpet /jacket results in generation of vapour load).

8. The primary condensers shall be cooled either by Cooling Tower Water (32°C) or Chilled Water (7°C). The secondary condensers shall be cooled either by Chilled Water (7°C) or chilled brine (-15°C)